The Mathematics of Secrets

A blog describing new developments and historical discoveries in cryptography related to the material in this book is accessible at http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10826.html.

Author: Joshua Holden

Publisher: Princeton University Press

ISBN: 9780691183312

Category: Computers

Page: 392

View: 880

The Mathematics of Secrets takes readers on a fascinating tour of the mathematics behind cryptography—the science of sending secret messages. Using a wide range of historical anecdotes and real-world examples, Joshua Holden shows how mathematical principles underpin the ways that different codes and ciphers work. He focuses on both code making and code breaking and discusses most of the ancient and modern ciphers that are currently known. He begins by looking at substitution ciphers, and then discusses how to introduce flexibility and additional notation. Holden goes on to explore polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, transposition ciphers, connections between ciphers and computer encryption, stream ciphers, public-key ciphers, and ciphers involving exponentiation. He concludes by looking at the future of ciphers and where cryptography might be headed. The Mathematics of Secrets reveals the mathematics working stealthily in the science of coded messages. A blog describing new developments and historical discoveries in cryptography related to the material in this book is accessible at http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10826.html.

The Mathematics of Ciphers

This book is an introduction to the algorithmic aspects of number theory and its applications to cryptography, with special emphasis on the RSA cryptosys-tem.

Author: S.C. Coutinho

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9781439863893

Category: Mathematics

Page: 198

View: 836

This book is an introduction to the algorithmic aspects of number theory and its applications to cryptography, with special emphasis on the RSA cryptosys-tem. It covers many of the familiar topics of elementary number theory, all with an algorithmic twist. The text also includes many interesting historical notes.

The Mathematics of Encryption  An Elementary Introduction

This book provides a historical and mathematical tour of cryptography, from classical ciphers to quantum cryptography.

Author: Margaret Cozzens

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

ISBN: 9780821883211

Category: Mathematics

Page: 332

View: 164

How quickly can you compute the remainder when dividing by 120143? Why would you even want to compute this? And what does this have to do with cryptography? Modern cryptography lies at the intersection of mathematics and computer sciences, involving number theory, algebra, computational complexity, fast algorithms, and even quantum mechanics. Many people think of codes in terms of spies, but in the information age, highly mathematical codes are used every day by almost everyone, whether at the bank ATM, at the grocery checkout, or at the keyboard when you access your email or purchase products online. This book provides a historical and mathematical tour of cryptography, from classical ciphers to quantum cryptography. The authors introduce just enough mathematics to explore modern encryption methods, with nothing more than basic algebra and some elementary number theory being necessary. Complete expositions are given of the classical ciphers and the attacks on them, along with a detailed description of the famous Enigma system. The public-key system RSA is described, including a complete mathematical proof that it works. Numerous related topics are covered, such as efficiencies of algorithms, detecting and correcting errors, primality testing and digital signatures. The topics and exposition are carefully chosen to highlight mathematical thinking and problem solving. Each chapter ends with a collection of problems, ranging from straightforward applications to more challenging problems that introduce advanced topics. Unlike many books in the field, this book is aimed at a general liberal arts student, but without losing mathematical completeness.

Mathematical Ciphers

For all the ciphers introduced in this book, JavaScript programs are available from the Web. In addition to developing various encryption schemes, this book also introduces the reader to number theory.

Author: Anne L. Young

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

ISBN: 9780821837306

Category: Mathematics

Page: 159

View: 366

A cipher is a scheme for creating coded messages for the secure exchange of information. Throughout history, many different coding schemes have been devised. One of the oldest and simplest mathematical systems was used by Julius Caesar. This is where Mathematical Ciphers begins. Building on that simple system, Young moves on to more complicated schemes, ultimately ending with the RSA cipher, which is used to provide security for the Internet. This book is structured differently from most mathematics texts. It does not begin with a mathematical topic, but rather with a cipher. The mathematics is developed as it is needed; the applications motivate the mathematics. As is typical in mathematics textbooks, most chapters end with exercises. Many of these problems are similar to solved examples and are designed to assist the reader in mastering the basic material. A few of the exercises are one-of-a-kind, intended to challenge the interested reader. Implementing encryption schemes is considerably easier with the use of the computer. For all the ciphers introduced in this book, JavaScript programs are available from the Web. In addition to developing various encryption schemes, this book also introduces the reader to number theory. Here, the study of integers and their properties is placed in the exciting and modern context of cryptology. Mathematical Ciphers can be used as a textbook for an introductory course in mathematics for all majors. The only prerequisite is high school mathematics.

Stream Ciphers

Since the theory is less developed, stream ciphers are often skipped in books on cryptography. This book fills this gap.

Author: Andreas Klein

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9781447150794

Category: Computers

Page: 399

View: 341

In cryptography, ciphers is the technical term for encryption and decryption algorithms. They are an important sub-family that features high speed and easy implementation and are an essential part of wireless internet and mobile phones. Unlike block ciphers, stream ciphers work on single bits or single words and need to maintain an internal state to change the cipher at each step. Typically stream ciphers can reach higher speeds than block ciphers but they can be more vulnerable to attack. Here, mathematics comes into play. Number theory, algebra and statistics are the key to a better understanding of stream ciphers and essential for an informed decision on their safety. Since the theory is less developed, stream ciphers are often skipped in books on cryptography. This book fills this gap. It covers the mathematics of stream ciphers and its history, and also discusses many modern examples and their robustness against attacks. Part I covers linear feedback shift registers, non-linear combinations of LFSRs, algebraic attacks and irregular clocked shift registers. Part II studies some special ciphers including the security of mobile phones, RC4 and related ciphers, the eStream project and the blum-blum-shub generator and related ciphers. Stream Ciphers requires basic knowledge of algebra and linear algebra, combinatorics and probability theory and programming. Appendices in Part III help the reader with the more complicated subjects and provides the mathematical background needed. It covers, for example, complexity, number theory, finite fields, statistics, combinatorics. Stream Ciphers concludes with exercises and solutions and is directed towards advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics and computer science.

Secret History

The first edition of this award-winning book attracted a wide audience. This second edition is both a joy to read and a useful classroom tool.

Author: Craig Bauer

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9781351668491

Category: Computers

Page: 640

View: 922

The first edition of this award-winning book attracted a wide audience. This second edition is both a joy to read and a useful classroom tool. Unlike traditional textbooks, it requires no mathematical prerequisites and can be read around the mathematics presented. If used as a textbook, the mathematics can be prioritized, with a book both students and instructors will enjoy reading. Secret History: The Story of Cryptology, Second Edition incorporates new material concerning various eras in the long history of cryptology. Much has happened concerning the political aspects of cryptology since the first edition appeared. The still unfolding story is updated here. The first edition of this book contained chapters devoted to the cracking of German and Japanese systems during World War II. Now the other side of this cipher war is also told, that is, how the United States was able to come up with systems that were never broken. The text is in two parts. Part I presents classic cryptology from ancient times through World War II. Part II examines modern computer cryptology. With numerous real-world examples and extensive references, the author skillfully balances the history with mathematical details, providing readers with a sound foundation in this dynamic field. FEATURES Presents a chronological development of key concepts Includes the Vigenère cipher, the one-time pad, transposition ciphers, Jefferson's wheel cipher, Playfair cipher, ADFGX, matrix encryption, Enigma, Purple, and other classic methods Looks at the work of Claude Shannon, the origin of the National Security Agency, elliptic curve cryptography, the Data Encryption Standard, the Advanced Encryption Standard, public-key cryptography, and many other topics New chapters detail SIGABA and SIGSALY, successful systems used during World War II for text and speech, respectively Includes quantum cryptography and the impact of quantum computers

A Course in Mathematical Cryptography

This book is concerned with the mathematical, especially algebraic, aspects of cryptography.

Author: Gilbert Baumslag

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

ISBN: 9783110386165

Category: Computers

Page: 389

View: 223

The subject of this book is mathematical cryptography. By this we mean the mathematics involved in cryptographic protocols. As the field has expanded, using both commutative and noncommutative algebraic objects as cryptographic platforms, a book describing and explaining all these mathematical methods is of immeasurable value.

An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography

The book includes an extensive bibliography and index; supplementary materials are available online. The book covers a variety of topics that are considered central to mathematical cryptography.

Author: Jeffrey Hoffstein

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 9781493917112

Category: Mathematics

Page: 538

View: 373

This self-contained introduction to modern cryptography emphasizes the mathematics behind the theory of public key cryptosystems and digital signature schemes. The book focuses on these key topics while developing the mathematical tools needed for the construction and security analysis of diverse cryptosystems. Only basic linear algebra is required of the reader; techniques from algebra, number theory, and probability are introduced and developed as required. This text provides an ideal introduction for mathematics and computer science students to the mathematical foundations of modern cryptography. The book includes an extensive bibliography and index; supplementary materials are available online. The book covers a variety of topics that are considered central to mathematical cryptography. Key topics include: classical cryptographic constructions, such as Diffie–Hellmann key exchange, discrete logarithm-based cryptosystems, the RSA cryptosystem, and digital signatures; fundamental mathematical tools for cryptography, including primality testing, factorization algorithms, probability theory, information theory, and collision algorithms; an in-depth treatment of important cryptographic innovations, such as elliptic curves, elliptic curve and pairing-based cryptography, lattices, lattice-based cryptography, and the NTRU cryptosystem. The second edition of An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography includes a significant revision of the material on digital signatures, including an earlier introduction to RSA, Elgamal, and DSA signatures, and new material on lattice-based signatures and rejection sampling. Many sections have been rewritten or expanded for clarity, especially in the chapters on information theory, elliptic curves, and lattices, and the chapter of additional topics has been expanded to include sections on digital cash and homomorphic encryption. Numerous new exercises have been included.

Cryptography

This text introduces cryptography, from its earliest roots to cryptosystems used today for secure online communication.

Author: Simon Rubinstein-Salzedo

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 9783319948188

Category: Mathematics

Page: 259

View: 132

This text introduces cryptography, from its earliest roots to cryptosystems used today for secure online communication. Beginning with classical ciphers and their cryptanalysis, this book proceeds to focus on modern public key cryptosystems such as Diffie-Hellman, ElGamal, RSA, and elliptic curve cryptography with an analysis of vulnerabilities of these systems and underlying mathematical issues such as factorization algorithms. Specialized topics such as zero knowledge proofs, cryptographic voting, coding theory, and new research are covered in the final section of this book. Aimed at undergraduate students, this book contains a large selection of problems, ranging from straightforward to difficult, and can be used as a textbook for classes as well as self-study. Requiring only a solid grounding in basic mathematics, this book will also appeal to advanced high school students and amateur mathematicians interested in this fascinating and topical subject.

Mathematics of Public Key Cryptography

This advanced graduate textbook gives an authoritative and insightful description of the major ideas and techniques of public key cryptography.

Author: Steven D. Galbraith

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

ISBN: 9781107013926

Category: Computers

Page: 615

View: 582

This advanced graduate textbook gives an authoritative and insightful description of the major ideas and techniques of public key cryptography.

Introduction to Cryptography with Mathematical Foundations and Computer Implementations

Numerous examples explain key points while figures and tables help illustrate more difficult or subtle concepts. Each chapter is punctuated with "Exercises for the Reader;" complete solutions for these are included in an appendix.

Author: Alexander Stanoyevitch

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9781439817636

Category: Computers

Page: 669

View: 849

From the exciting history of its development in ancient times to the present day, Introduction to Cryptography with Mathematical Foundations and Computer Implementations provides a focused tour of the central concepts of cryptography. Rather than present an encyclopedic treatment of topics in cryptography, it delineates cryptographic concepts in chronological order, developing the mathematics as needed. Written in an engaging yet rigorous style, each chapter introduces important concepts with clear definitions and theorems. Numerous examples explain key points while figures and tables help illustrate more difficult or subtle concepts. Each chapter is punctuated with "Exercises for the Reader;" complete solutions for these are included in an appendix. Carefully crafted exercise sets are also provided at the end of each chapter, and detailed solutions to most odd-numbered exercises can be found in a designated appendix. The computer implementation section at the end of every chapter guides students through the process of writing their own programs. A supporting website provides an extensive set of sample programs as well as downloadable platform-independent applet pages for some core programs and algorithms. As the reliance on cryptography by business, government, and industry continues and new technologies for transferring data become available, cryptography plays a permanent, important role in day-to-day operations. This self-contained sophomore-level text traces the evolution of the field, from its origins through present-day cryptosystems, including public key cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography.

Fundamentals of Cryptography

This text covers the algorithmic foundations and is complemented by core mathematics and arithmetic. Cryptography, as done in this century, is heavily mathematical. But it also has roots in what is computationally feasible.

Author: Duncan Buell

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISBN: 9783030734923

Category: Computers

Page: 279

View: 387

Cryptography, as done in this century, is heavily mathematical. But it also has roots in what is computationally feasible. This unique textbook text balances the theorems of mathematics against the feasibility of computation. Cryptography is something one actually "does", not a mathematical game one proves theorems about. There is deep math; there are some theorems that must be proved; and there is a need to recognize the brilliant work done by those who focus on theory. But at the level of an undergraduate course, the emphasis should be first on knowing and understanding the algorithms and how to implement them, and also to be aware that the algorithms must be implemented carefully to avoid the "easy" ways to break the cryptography. This text covers the algorithmic foundations and is complemented by core mathematics and arithmetic.

Mathematical Modelling for Next Generation Cryptography

This book presents the mathematical background underlying security modeling in the context of next-generation cryptography.

Author: Tsuyoshi Takagi

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 9789811050657

Category: Computers

Page: 368

View: 971

This book presents the mathematical background underlying security modeling in the context of next-generation cryptography. By introducing new mathematical results in order to strengthen information security, while simultaneously presenting fresh insights and developing the respective areas of mathematics, it is the first-ever book to focus on areas that have not yet been fully exploited for cryptographic applications such as representation theory and mathematical physics, among others. Recent advances in cryptanalysis, brought about in particular by quantum computation and physical attacks on cryptographic devices, such as side-channel analysis or power analysis, have revealed the growing security risks for state-of-the-art cryptographic schemes. To address these risks, high-performance, next-generation cryptosystems must be studied, which requires the further development of the mathematical background of modern cryptography. More specifically, in order to avoid the security risks posed by adversaries with advanced attack capabilities, cryptosystems must be upgraded, which in turn relies on a wide range of mathematical theories. This book is suitable for use in an advanced graduate course in mathematical cryptography, while also offering a valuable reference guide for experts.

Cryptanalysis of Number Theoretic Ciphers

First, the book provides the mathematical background needed in cryptography as well as definitions and simple examples from cryptography.

Author: Samuel S. Wagstaff, Jr.

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9781420057690

Category: Mathematics

Page: 336

View: 446

At the heart of modern cryptographic algorithms lies computational number theory. Whether you're encrypting or decrypting ciphers, a solid background in number theory is essential for success. Written by a number theorist and practicing cryptographer, Cryptanalysis of Number Theoretic Ciphers takes you from basic number theory to the inner workings of ciphers and protocols. First, the book provides the mathematical background needed in cryptography as well as definitions and simple examples from cryptography. It includes summaries of elementary number theory and group theory, as well as common methods of finding or constructing large random primes, factoring large integers, and computing discrete logarithms. Next, it describes a selection of cryptographic algorithms, most of which use number theory. Finally, the book presents methods of attack on the cryptographic algorithms and assesses their effectiveness. For each attack method the author lists the systems it applies to and tells how they may be broken with it. Computational number theorists are some of the most successful cryptanalysts against public key systems. Cryptanalysis of Number Theoretic Ciphers builds a solid foundation in number theory and shows you how to apply it not only when breaking ciphers, but also when designing ones that are difficult to break.

Applied Algebra

While the content has been reworked and improved, this edition continues to cover many algorithms that arise in cryptography and error-control codes.

Author: Darel W. Hardy

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9781420071436

Category: Mathematics

Page: 410

View: 829

Using mathematical tools from number theory and finite fields, Applied Algebra: Codes, Ciphers, and Discrete Algorithms, Second Edition presents practical methods for solving problems in data security and data integrity. It is designed for an applied algebra course for students who have had prior classes in abstract or linear algebra. While the content has been reworked and improved, this edition continues to cover many algorithms that arise in cryptography and error-control codes. New to the Second Edition A CD-ROM containing an interactive version of the book that is powered by Scientific Notebook®, a mathematical word processor and easy-to-use computer algebra system New appendix that reviews prerequisite topics in algebra and number theory Double the number of exercises Instead of a general study on finite groups, the book considers finite groups of permutations and develops just enough of the theory of finite fields to facilitate construction of the fields used for error-control codes and the Advanced Encryption Standard. It also deals with integers and polynomials. Explaining the mathematics as needed, this text thoroughly explores how mathematical techniques can be used to solve practical problems. About the Authors Darel W. Hardy is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Mathematics at Colorado State University. His research interests include applied algebra and semigroups. Fred Richman is a professor in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at Florida Atlantic University. His research interests include Abelian group theory and constructive mathematics. Carol L. Walker is Associate Dean Emeritus in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at New Mexico State University. Her research interests include Abelian group theory, applications of homological algebra and category theory, and the mathematics of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic.

Penrose Tiles to Trapdoor Ciphers

Another superb collection of articles from Martin Gardner, the king of recreational mathematics.

Author: Martin Gardner

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

ISBN: 0883855216

Category: Mathematics

Page: 319

View: 286

Another superb collection of articles from Martin Gardner, the king of recreational mathematics.

A Course in Cryptography

This book provides a compact course in modern cryptography.

Author: Heiko Knospe

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

ISBN: 9781470450557

Category: Ciphers

Page: 323

View: 125

This book provides a compact course in modern cryptography. The mathematical foundations in algebra, number theory and probability are presented with a focus on their cryptographic applications. The text provides rigorous definitions and follows the provable security approach. The most relevant cryptographic schemes are covered, including block ciphers, stream ciphers, hash functions, message authentication codes, public-key encryption, key establishment, digital signatures and elliptic curves. The current developments in post-quantum cryptography are also explored, with separate chapters on quantum computing, lattice-based and code-based cryptosystems. Many examples, figures and exercises, as well as SageMath (Python) computer code, help the reader to understand the concepts and applications of modern cryptography. A special focus is on algebraic structures, which are used in many cryptographic constructions and also in post-quantum systems. The essential mathematics and the modern approach to cryptography and security prepare the reader for more advanced studies. The text requires only a first-year course in mathematics (calculus and linear algebra) and is also accessible to computer scientists and engineers. This book is suitable as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in cryptography as well as for self-study.

Algebra for Cryptologists

Algebra for Cryptologists is a textbook for an introductory course in cryptography or an upper undergraduate course in algebra, or for self-study in preparation for postgraduate study in cryptology.

Author: Alko R. Meijer

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 9783319303963

Category: Mathematics

Page: 301

View: 218

This textbook provides an introduction to the mathematics on which modern cryptology is based. It covers not only public key cryptography, the glamorous component of modern cryptology, but also pays considerable attention to secret key cryptography, its workhorse in practice. Modern cryptology has been described as the science of the integrity of information, covering all aspects like confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiation and also including the protocols required for achieving these aims. In both theory and practice it requires notions and constructions from three major disciplines: computer science, electronic engineering and mathematics. Within mathematics, group theory, the theory of finite fields, and elementary number theory as well as some topics not normally covered in courses in algebra, such as the theory of Boolean functions and Shannon theory, are involved. Although essentially self-contained, a degree of mathematical maturity on the part of the reader is assumed, corresponding to his or her background in computer science or engineering. Algebra for Cryptologists is a textbook for an introductory course in cryptography or an upper undergraduate course in algebra, or for self-study in preparation for postgraduate study in cryptology.

A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography

This is a substantially revised and updated introduction to arithmetic topics, both ancient and modern, that have been at the centre of interest in applications of number theory, particularly in cryptography.

Author: Neal Koblitz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 0387942939

Category: Mathematics

Page: 235

View: 137

This is a substantially revised and updated introduction to arithmetic topics, both ancient and modern, that have been at the centre of interest in applications of number theory, particularly in cryptography. As such, no background in algebra or number theory is assumed, and the book begins with a discussion of the basic number theory that is needed. The approach taken is algorithmic, emphasising estimates of the efficiency of the techniques that arise from the theory, and one special feature is the inclusion of recent applications of the theory of elliptic curves. Extensive exercises and careful answers are an integral part all of the chapters.

Feistel Ciphers

This book provides a survey on different kinds of Feistel ciphers, with their definitions and mathematical/computational properties.

Author: Valerie Nachef

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 9783319495309

Category: Computers

Page: 309

View: 730

This book provides a survey on different kinds of Feistel ciphers, with their definitions and mathematical/computational properties. Feistel ciphers are widely used in cryptography in order to obtain pseudorandom permutations and secret-key block ciphers. In Part 1, we describe Feistel ciphers and their variants. We also give a brief story of these ciphers and basic security results. In Part 2, we describe generic attacks on Feistel ciphers. In Part 3, we give results on DES and specific Feistel ciphers. Part 4 is devoted to improved security results. We also give results on indifferentiability and indistinguishability.